This article focuses on the challenges faced by single-parent foster families. The scope of problems includes theoretical issues concerning such notions as family and incomplete family. The function of foster family in the light of the Act of 9 June 2011 on family support and foster care system was also presented. The article presents the results of research conducted by the author within the framework of her Bachelor’s thesis. Methodological assumptions of the research were also described and their results were presented on the basis of which conclusions and recommendations were formulated concerning the improvement of the support and health care system as well as the change of attitude in the perception of foster families run by single people.